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ADHD and Anxiety Medication Anxiety disorders are often co-occurring with ADHD. Anxiety can cause restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. Stimulant medications can help alleviate these symptoms However, they can cause side effects such as the development of tics and minor reduction in growth in children and adolescents. most effective adhd medication for adults Iam Psychiatry find that their anxiety levels increase when they are taking stimulant medication. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that are used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in capsules, tablets crystals, chunky clear crystals, or a white or brown powder. The use of large doses can result in excessive stimulation, which can cause anxiety and stomach cramps, panic, paranoia and aggression. Long-term use of stimulants may cause addiction and serious side effects such as heart problems, high blood pressure and stroke. These medicines have also been shown to reduce anxiety symptoms. They work by increasing brain chemicals like norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin. These are lower in ADHD patients. This increases activity and communication between brain regions that regulate attention and executive function. This results in improved impulse control, and anxiety symptoms diminish. Studies have demonstrated that both atomoxetine and methylphenidate reduce anxiety symptoms in people with ADHD and other anxiety disorders. The improvement in anxiety symptoms was evident in the first week of treatment for both drugs and the benefits were continued for 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to note that the kind of medication that will be most effective for treating anxiety and ADHD symptoms that co-occur could depend on which condition is more detrimental to the quality of life of a person. An individual may experience many minor crises that create anxiety throughout the day as they try to meet appointments or complete projects at work or school. These can be extremely stressful and can cause them to feel anxious on a more frequently basis than the symptoms of a particular anxiety or panic attack. In these cases it is possible to address the anxiety-related symptoms by taking antidepressants or SSRIs, which have been shown to be effective in reducing anxiety levels in adults. They are usually taken orally and can take a bit longer to take effect, but the most common options include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Sertraline and Fluoxetine, and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine and venlafaxine. These are often taken as a supplement to cognitive-behavioral treatment for anxiety and are especially beneficial if a patient has a racing heart or elevated blood pressure. SSRIs Antidepressants, like SSRIs (antidepressant medications) are commonly used to treat anxiety disorders. The prototype drug in this category is fluoxetine, better known as Prozac. The SSRIs can also aid in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. These drugs are more versatile and have fewer side negative effects than the older generation of antidepressants. The SSRIs work by inhibiting serotonin reuptake at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter inside the synapse to remain active and communicate with the post synaptic cell more than would be the case in other circumstances. This can increase norepinephrine output which may reduce anxiety symptoms. It may also lead to higher levels of the neuronal cyclic AMP (cAMP) which can stimulate protein production. Additionally, SSRIs may reduce impulsivity and decrease hyperactivity. They can also improve sleep quality and decrease anxiety for those with ADHD. However, these drugs may increase the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and actions in some people. They can also cause an increase in appetite and weight gain, especially when they are first started. SNRIs are a different type of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs block the reuptake both of serotonin and norepinephrine. Like SSRIs, they can influence anxiety, but they can also improve the functioning of the heart muscle and the blood vessels, which can decrease anxiety and stress. They also can improve the mood of some people suffering from bipolar disorder. The most popular SNRIs are duloxetine (Cymbalta) and the venlafaxine (Effexor, Effexor XR) and desvenlafaxine (Khedezla, Pristiq). SNRIs could cause blood pressure to increase in certain people, and those with high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease should avoid taking these medications. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed in conjunction with medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can help reduce stress and anxiety. Some people have found tapping specific points on their body, also known as Emotional Freedom Techniques, can help reduce the cortisol hormone which is responsible for anxiety. Diet and exercise can also help reduce anxiety. Your doctor may recommend eating whole grains, fruits and vegetables and avoiding sugar, which can worsen anxiety in some ADHD adults and children. Non-stimulant based medications Although stimulants are highly effective in treating ADHD and have been extensively researched but they are not the best option for those who suffer from anxiety or ADHD. The stimulant drugs can cause negative side effects such as jitteriness rapid heart rate, and nervousness that may mimic or even worsen symptoms of anxiety. Non-stimulant drugs are a more recent option that has been used to treat ADHD since 2002 (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase blood pressure or heart rate, and they are less likely to cause anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for norepinephrine, a brain chemical that can enhance concentration and decrease the impulsivity and hyperactivity. Studies have also shown that it can help improve anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical papers from PubMed EMBASE PsycINFO and PsycINFO in order to determine if atomoxetine decreased anxiety symptoms among children and adolescents with ADHD. Bupropion is another medication that can help with anxiety symptoms. It is a brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is frequently advised for people who suffer from co-existing depression and ADHD. It can also improve mood and lessen symptoms of anxiety. It is often an excellent idea to identify and treat the root cause of anxiety before treating the ADHD since it will typically reduce anxiety symptoms. In some cases, anxiety symptoms in ADHD children are the cause of their anxiety. The most effective approach to treat anxiety in these situations is usually cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychostimulants. This is because these therapies address the root cause of the problem and reduce ADHD symptoms and, consequently, decrease anxiety. Antidepressants are also often prescribed for those with co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which attack serotonin in the brain, can help to relieve anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft, Lexapro and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately decide which medication is right for you. They will consider your symptoms, lifestyle and age, as well as other health conditions prior to suggesting any medication. It is essential to discuss your treatment goals with your doctor and adhere to a daily schedule while taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial to manage ADHD or anxiety, depending on your health goals. These include mindfulness meditation, yoga (Emotional Freedom techniques), tapping sleep, nutrition, exercise, and healthy eating habits. Dr. Hallowell says that people who suffer from anxiety are more likely to develop symptoms of ADHD, making it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He prescribes stimulants to treat ADHD first, then non-stimulant medications like atomoxetine or bupropion for anxiety disorders. These medications are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances, similar to stimulants.